[英文文法] 純真無邪動名詞

動名詞是動狀詞中的一種,但是他比不定詞要單純許多,前一節提過不定詞在句子中可以扮演三種角色,但是動名詞在句子中只具有名詞的角色。

一、動名詞的時態


主動態 被動態
簡單式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done

在五大動詞句型當中,除了動詞的時態已經固定,可以當名詞的地方還有1主詞、2及物動詞的受詞、3主詞補語、4受詞補語、5介系詞後的受詞,所以在這些地方,都可以發現動名詞的身影。


1. 動名詞作主詞

例:Reading makes us happy.
     S   Vt O OC

例:Smoking is a bad habit.
     S  Vi  SC

例:(Spending money) is easier than making it.
      S1    Vi  SC   連  S2

例:It is no use crying over spilt milk.
    Vi SC    真主詞
 →Crying over spilt milk is no use.
   Vi   介  受


2. 及物動詞後的受詞

例:I like swimming.
  S Vt  O

例:We must avoid making such a mistake.(avoid+Ving)
   S   Vt       O

※買東西時必須避免受騙
 →You must avoid being deceived purchasing.

例:She enjoys cooking.(enjoy+Ving)
    S  Vt  O


3. 介系詞的受詞

例:We are tired of (hearing the same story).
   S Vi SC 介     O

例:He insists on (doing that).
   S   Vi  介  O

※這個颱風使我們不能去日本
 →This typhoon prevented us from go to Japan.

例:The storm prevented me from starting.
    S    Vt  O    

例:I am ashamed of having done that.
  S Vi  SC     

例:We are surprised at his speaking English fluently.
   S Vi  SC        

注意動名詞前面可以用所有格指稱之。

例:We are surprised at his fluent speaking of English.
   S Vi  SC         

注意:動名詞基本上就是名詞,前面可以有形容詞修飾之。

例:She thanked him for having saved her child.
    S  Vt  O     


4. 補語:包括主詞補語受詞補語

例:Seeing is believing.
   S   Vi   SC

例:Teaching is learning.
    S   Vi  SC

例:His hobby is (collecting stamps).
    S  Vi    SC


二、及物和不及物動詞所變化而來的動名詞,是介於動詞名詞之間的角色,在句子中他扮演名詞角色的位置,他的「動詞」身分體現於後面可以加受詞且有時態變化。所以基本上他還是名詞,可以用所有格來指稱之,如各種所有格of

例:his (reading the letter)
 所有格 動名詞

例:the hunter’s endless killings of wild animals
   所有格      動名詞

注意:由不及物動詞所變化而來的動名詞,不能夠以of指稱,所有格還是可以。

例:Her coming home early surprised us all.(她的晚歸使我們驚訝。)
come是不及物動詞,不能作 The coming home early of her surprised us all.

例:He insists on my being wrong.
   S   Vi     

例:He insists on my going there.
   S   Vi     

例:I am sure of his coming.
  S Vi  SC    

三、有一些動詞,後面可以接不定詞動名詞,但是需注意的事,意思往往不一樣動名詞大多表示一個存在的事實不定詞大多表示一個未來動作

此類動詞有 start, begin, continue, like, dislike, hate, love, prefer, intend, regret, remember, forget, be worthwhile, be accustomed to

例:I remember seeing him.(我記得曾經見過他
  S  Vt    O

例:Remember to send the letter.(記得要寄出這封信
    Vt      O

例:I like (being married).(已經結婚且喜歡結婚這件事
  S Vt   O
例:I like to be married.(我喜歡而且期待結婚這件事
  S Vt   O

四、動名詞慣用語

1. cannot help Ving ※can not help +原V.

例:She cannot help laughing.
    S   Vt    O

2. feel like Ving
  ↑want
例:I don’t feel like dancing.
  S  Vi   介  O

3. be used to Ving

例:I am used to (walking to school).
  S Vt(pp) 介   O

4. On Ving

例:He jumped with joy on hearing the news.
   S  Vi  adv  介   O

5. be worth (Ving)

例:The book is worth reading.
    S    Vi   SC  

6. be busy Ving

例:I am busy (in) (writing a novel).
  S Vi  SC 介   O